In nature, some hair follicles stand alone while others are grouped together as neighbors or bundles of two, three and once in a while four hairs.
Whole blood is drawn and centrifuged to separate the blood components; RBC’s, WBC’s, proteins and platelets.
Positive Effect of an Autologous Platelet Concentrate in Lateral Epicondylitis A double-blind randomized controlled trial: PRP versus corticosteroid injection with a 1 year follow-up.
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Published Studies
Orthopedic/Podiatric - Foot & Ankle
Barett, S, Growth Factors for Chronic Plantar Fasciitis?, Podiatry Today, 2004, 17:36-42
Coetzee, J, et al, The Use of Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors to Promote Syndesmosis Fusion in the Agility Total Ankle Replacement. A Preliminary Study, Foot & Ankle International, 2005; 26:840-846
Barrow, C, et al, Enhancement of Syndesmotic Fusion in Total Ankle Arthroplasty with the use of Autologous Platelet Concentrate, Foot & Ankle International, 2005; 26:458-461
Fox, H, et al, Autologous Platelet Concentrate (APC+); An Exciting and Effective New Modality for Foot and Ankle Surgeons, May 7, 2005
Bibo, C, et al, Union Rates Using Autologous Platelet Concentrate Alone and with Bone Graft in High-Risk Foot and Ankle Surgery Patients, Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances, 2005; 14:17-22
Bielecki, T, et al, Percutaneous Injection of Autogenous Growth Factors in Patient with Nonunion of the Humerus. A Case Report, Journal of Orthopaedics, 2006; 3:e15
Orthopedic - Joints
Gardner, M, et al, The Efficacy of Autologous Platelet Gel in Pain Control and Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty, International Orthopaedics, July 1, 2006
Everts, P, et al, Platelet Gel and Fibrin Sealant Reduce Allogeneic Blood Transfusions in Total Knee Arthroplasty, Journal of Extracorporeal Technology, 2006; 50:593-599
Klayman, M, et al, Autologous Platelet Concentrate and Vacuum-Assisted Closure Device Use in a Nonhealing Total Knee Replacement, Journal of Extracorporeal Technology, 2006; 38:44-47
Floryan, K, et al, Intraoperative Use of Autologous Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma for Orthopedic Surgery Patients, AORN Journal, 2004; 80:688-674
Wrotniak, M, et al, Current Opinion About Using Platelet-Rich Gel in Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2007; 9:227-238
Everts, P, et al, Autologous Platelet Gel and Fibrin Sealant Enhance the Efficacy of Total Knee Arthroplasty: Improved Range of Motion, Decreased Length of Stay and a Reduced Incidence of Arthrofibrosis, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2007; 15:888-894
Kazakos, K, et al, The Use of Autologous PRP Gel as an Aid in the Management of Acute Trauma Wounds, Injury - International Journal of the Care of the Injured, 2008; May
Orthopedic - Spine
Lowery, G, et al, Use of Autologous Growth Factors in Lumbar Spinal Fusion, Bone, 1999; 25:47S-50S
Bose, B, et al, Bone Graft Gel: Autologous Growth Factors Used with Autograft Bone for Lumbar Spine Fusions, Advances in Therapy, 2002; 19:170-175
Hee, H, et al, Do Autologous Growth Factors Enhance Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion?, European Spine Journal, 2003; 12:400-407
Kurica K, et al; "Autologous Growth Factors and Resorbable Porous Ceramic Without Bone Graft for Instrumented Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion", World Spine II Congress Podium Presentation, August, 2003
Walsh, W, et al, Spinal Fusion Using an Autologous Growth Factor Gel and Porous Resorbable Ceramic, European Spine Journal, 2004; 13:359-366
Jenis, L, et al, A Prospective Study of Autologous Growth Factors in Lumbar Interbody Fusion, The Spine Journal, 2006; 6:14-20
Akeda, K, et al, Platelet-Rich Plasma Stimulates Porcine Articular Chondrocyte Proliferation and Matrix Biosynthesis, OsteoArthritis and Cartilage, 2006; 1-9
Akeda, K, et al, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Stimulates the Extracellular Matrix Metabolism of Porcine Nucleus Pulposus and Anulus Fibrosus Cells Cultured in Alginate Beads, Spine, 2006; 9:959-966
Cillo, J, et al, Evaluation of Autologous Platelet-Poor Plasma Gel as a Hemostatic Adjunct After Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Harvest, Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, 2007; 65:1734-1738
Tomoyasu, A, et al, Platelet-Rich Plasma Stimulates Osteoblastic Differentiation in the Presence of BMPs, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2007; 361:62-67
Orthopedic - Sports Medicine/Injection Therapy
Menetrey, J, et al, Growth Factors Improve Muscle Healing In Vivo, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (Br), 2000; 82-B:131-137
Aspenberg, P, P, et al, Platelet Concentrate Injection Improves Achilles Tendon Repair in Rats, Acta Orthop Scand, 2004; 1:93-99
Yasuda, K, et al, The Effect of Growth Factors on Biomechanical Properties of the Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Graft after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004, 32:870-880
Anitua, E, et al, Autologous Preparations Rich in Growth Factors Promote Proliferation and Induce VEGF and HGF Production by Human Tendon Cells in Culture, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2005, 23:281-286
Murray, M, et al, Use of a Collagen-Platelet Rich Plasma Scaffold to Stimulate Healing of a Central Defect in the Canine ACL, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2006, 24:820-830
Schnabel, L, et al, Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Enhances Anabolic Gene Expression Patterns in Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendons, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2006
Sanchez, M, et al, Plasma Rich in Growth Factors to Treat Articular Cartilage Avulsion: A Case Report, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003, 1648-1652
Sanchez, M, et al, Application of Autologous Growth Factors on Skeletal Muscle Healing, 2nd World Congress on Regenerative Medicine Podium Presentation, May, 2005
Ventura, A, et al, Use of Growth Factors in ACL Surgery: Preliminary Study, Journal of Orthopaedic Traumatology, 2005, 6:76-79
Mishra, A, et al, Treatment of Chronic Elbow Tendinosis with Buffered Platelet-Rich Plasma, American Journal of Sports Medicine, May 30, 2006
W Weiler, A, et al, The Influence of Locally Applied Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB on Free Tendon Graft Remodeling after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006; 32:881-891
Wu, W, et al, Autologous Injectable Tissue-Engineered Cartilage by Using Plate-Rich Plasma: Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model, Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, 2007; 65:1951-1957
Murray, M, et al, Collagen-Platelet Rich Plasma Hydrogel Enhances Primary Repair of the Porcine Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2007, 25:81-91
Sanchez, M, et al, Comparison of Surgically Repaired Achilles Tendon Tears Using Platelet Rich Fibrin Matrices, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007, 35:245-251
Tortland, P, Regenerative Injection Therapy, Valley Sports Physicians & Orthopedic Medicine, www.jockdoctors.com
Adelson, H, Platelet Rich Plasma for Treating Chronic Pain, The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain Podium Presentation, 2007, March 17
Zavadil, D, et al, Autologous Platelet Gel and Platelet Poor Plasma Reduce Pain with Total Shoulder Arthroplasty, Journal of Extracorporeal Technology, 2007; 39:177-182
Schultheiss, H, Tendinoraphy in the Foot Utilizing Concentrated Autologous Platelet Grafting: Two Case Studies, 2007
Scarpone, M, Chronic Medial Collateral High-Grade Tear: Treatment with Autologous Platelet Concentrate Injection with Ultrasound Guidance: A Case Report, 2008
Scarpone, M, Non-Surgical Repair of High Grade Achilles Tendon Tear by Autologous Platelet Graft Placement: A Case Report, 2008
de Mos, M, et al, Can Platelet-Rich Plasma Enhance Tendon Repair? A Cell Culture Study, American Journal Sports Medicine, 2008